BIAS & TIMING RISK DOCUMENTATION
1. LOOK-AHEAD BIAS: Avoided — CPI surprise computed
using only data available on release date. No future
data used in any calculation.
2. SURVIVORSHIP BIAS: Minimal — indices (NASDAQ,
Dow Jones, Russell 2000) are broad market indices
not individual stocks. Index composition changes
over time but this is standard practice.
3. SELECTION BIAS: Acknowledged — IWM used as
Russell 2000 proxy. ETF closely tracks index
with minimal tracking error.
4. CALENDAR/TIMING RULE: CPI release date used
as event timestamp. All 117 dates confirmed
as weekdays. Trading day rule applied via
Inner Join — only dates with price data retained.
5. REVISION BIAS: CPIAUCSL from FRED may be
revised after initial release. We use downloaded
data which may reflect revised figures.